Theileriasis is a parasitic disease that affects both animals and humans, caused by the invasion of red blood cells by a type of protozoan parasite called Theileria. The disease primarily affects mammals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and occasionally horses and wildlife. It is commonly transmitted by ticks that act as intermediate hosts for the parasite.
Theileriasis is clinically manifest in various forms depending on the species affected. In animals, the disease often results in fever, anemia, weight loss, and reduced milk production. Infected animals may also exhibit symptoms such as jaundice, enlarged lymph nodes, and organ enlargement. Severe cases can lead to death if left untreated.
In humans, Theileriasis typically occurs as a zoonotic infection, where the parasite is transmitted from infected animals to humans through tick bites. Symptoms in humans may include fever, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, chills, and anemia. In severe cases, it can cause organ dysfunction and can be life-threatening, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Treatment for Theileriasis usually involves the administration of antiprotozoal drugs to eliminate the parasite. Preventive measures include tick control strategies, such as tick repellents, acaricides, and reducing tick habitats. Vaccination against Theileria is also available for some animal species.
Overall, Theileriasis poses a significant threat to livestock and can have economic implications due to reduced productivity and mortality. Additionally, its zoonotic potential emphasizes the need for effective control measures to protect both animal and human health.
