Theca cell tumors, also known as thecomas, are a type of ovarian tumor that predominantly occur in the cells lining the ovarian follicles, known as theca cells. These tumors are typically classified as benign, meaning they do not spread to surrounding tissues or organs. Theca cell tumors manifest as solid masses or growths in the ovaries and are typically unilateral—occurring in only one ovary.
The term "theca cell tumor" refers to a group of tumors that share certain characteristic features. These tumors are composed of theca cells, which are steroid-producing cells found in the ovaries. The primary function of theca cells is to produce hormones, particularly estrogen. In the case of theca cell tumors, excessive estrogen production is a common occurrence.
Clinically, theca cell tumors may present with varied symptoms, if any at all. Common symptoms include abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, unusual vaginal bleeding, or irregular menstruation. In some cases, they may be discovered incidentally during routine pelvic imaging or surgery for other reasons.
The diagnosis of theca cell tumors is made through a combination of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as a biopsy to examine the tumor cells under a microscope.
Treatment for theca cell tumors depends on various factors including the size of the tumor, the presence of symptoms, and whether it is benign or malignant. In most cases, surgical removal of the tumor through an oophorectomy (removal of the affected ovary) is the primary treatment. However, in certain instances, hormonal therapy may be utilized to manage symptoms or prevent the recurrence of hormone-producing tumors.
Overall, theca cell tumors are relatively rare and are usually non-cancerous in nature
