A syconium, also known as a common fig, is a type of multiple fruit structure found in certain species of flowering plants, specifically in the family Moraceae. It is a unique inflorescence, classified as a synconium, in which the flowers are contained within a hollow, fleshy receptacle.
The syconium is typically shaped like a pear or oval and has a unique, intricate structure. It is composed of a hollow receptacle, known as a fig, which contains numerous tiny flowers. These flowers are unisexual and enclosed within a specialized structure called an inflorescence, known as an involucre. The flowers are located on the inner surface of the fig, and their male or female parts are well hidden, making the syconium functionally a closed inflorescence.
The pollination process of the syconium involves specific fig wasps, which are responsible for transferring pollen from male to female flowers, ensuring the fertilization of the fig's ovaries. The wasps enter the syconium through a small opening called the ostiole, and the female wasps lay their eggs inside the fig while simultaneously pollinating the flowers. Once the female wasp pollinates the flower, she loses her wings and eventually dies within the fig, providing nourishment for the maturing seeds.
After fertilization, the flowers develop into fruits, or figs, which are widely consumed and appreciated for their sweet taste and nutritional value. Syconium-bearing plants, such as the common fig tree (Ficus carica), have been cultivated for thousands of years for their delicious and nutritious fruits, making them an important food source in various cultures worldwide.
