Swine Edema Disease, also known as Edema Disease or E. coli-associated Edema Disease, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects young pigs. It is characterized by severe fluid accumulation and edema in various parts of the body, especially the eyelids, head, neck, and sometimes legs and belly.
This disease is caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, most commonly serotype O139 or O141, which produce specific toxins. These toxins are responsible for damaging the blood vessels, leading to leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues. Swine Edema Disease is more prevalent in weaned pigs, typically between the ages of 5 to 12 weeks.
Symptoms of Swine Edema Disease include lethargy, loss of appetite, high fever, rapid breathing, swollen eyelids, and a "diamond-shaped" raised skin lesion on the hindquarters. Infected pigs may also exhibit trembling, staggering gait, and neurological signs due to the effects of the toxins on the nervous system. The disease can progress rapidly, leading to death within a few days.
Prevention of Swine Edema Disease involves maintaining a high level of hygiene and sanitation in the pig rearing environment, as well as minimizing stress factors that can weaken the immune system of the pigs. Vaccination against specific E. coli strains and providing a balanced, nutritious diet can also help in reducing the risk of infection.
Treatment primarily involves appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, including fluid therapy to counteract the fluid loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to increase the chances of recovery in affected pigs.
