The word "sunburn" refers to the redness and pain of the skin caused by overexposure to the sun's UV rays. Its spelling can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as /ˈsʌn.bɜːrn/, with stress on the first syllable. The "u" in the first syllable is pronounced like the "u" in "but," while the "e" in the final syllable is pronounced like the "e" in "her." The "r" is silent, so it is important to remember to spell the word with "burn" instead of "burnt."
Sunburn is a term used to describe the skin’s reaction to excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is a condition wherein the skin becomes red, inflamed, and painful, typically appearing within hours of sun exposure and reaching peak severity within one or two days. The primary cause of sunburn is the UV radiation from the sun damaging the DNA in skin cells, triggering the body’s immune response to repair the damaged cells. This immune response results in the visible symptoms of sunburn.
Symptoms of sunburn usually include redness, tenderness or pain, swelling, and the sensation of warmth in the affected area. In severe cases, blisters may form, and the person may experience headache, fever, chills, and nausea. Sunburn typically affects areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, arms, shoulders, and legs.
Prevention is essential to avoid sunburn. This can be achieved by limiting sun exposure, especially during peak hours when the sun’s rays are the strongest (typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Wearing protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts, can also greatly reduce the risk of sunburn. Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF) to exposed skin is crucial, and it should be reapplied regularly, especially after swimming or sweating.
While most cases of sunburn heal on their own within a few days, treatments aim to alleviate discomfort and speed up the healing process. These may include applying cold compresses, using over-the-counter pain relievers or topical creams, and keeping the affected area moisturized. Severe sunburn should be evaluated by a healthcare professional as
An erythema or dermatitis caused by the actinic rays of the sun.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "sunburn" is derived from the combination of two words: "sun" and "burn".
The word "sun" comes from the Old English word "sunne", which in turn comes from the Proto-Germanic word "sunnon". This word is believed to have originated from the Proto-Indo-European root "*sawel", meaning "sun".
The word "burn" comes from the Old English word "byrnan", which means "to be on fire" or "to set on fire". It is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "brinnan" and shares its root with other Germanic languages.
Therefore, "sunburn" literally means the burning or reddening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays.