SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE Meaning and
Definition
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Subsistence agriculture refers to a traditional method of farming that focuses on meeting the basic survival needs of a family or community. It is a self-sustaining system where the farmer produces enough food and other agricultural products to cater to their own consumption, with little to no surplus for sale in the market.
In subsistence agriculture, farmers typically use simple tools and techniques, often relying on manual labor or simple machinery. Crop cultivation is the primary focus, with staples such as cereals, grains, tubers, and vegetables being commonly grown. Livestock rearing for milk, meat, or wool may also be practiced to supplement food production.
This type of agriculture is prevalent in developing or less-developed countries, particularly in rural areas with limited access to modern technologies and infrastructure. Subsistence farmers usually have small landholdings and employ traditional, low-input farming methods. They often rely on traditional knowledge, local seeds, and natural resources, rather than relying on synthetic inputs or genetically modified organisms.
Subsistence agriculture is essential for the survival of many communities, providing food security and job opportunities. However, it often faces challenges such as low productivity, vulnerability to climate change and pests, and limited access to markets. Due to these constraints, subsistence farmers often have limited incomes and are more susceptible to poverty and food insecurity.
In summary, subsistence agriculture is a traditional farming approach that emphasizes self-sufficiency by producing enough food and resources to meet the basic needs of a family or community.
Etymology of SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
The word "subsistence" comes from the Latin "subsistentia", which means "remaining, continuing to exist". It is derived from the verb "subsistere", which combines "sub-" (meaning "under") and "sistere" (meaning "to cause to stand, to stop").
The term "agriculture" originated from the Latin words "agri" (meaning "field") and "cultura" (meaning "cultivation"). It is a combination of "ager" (meaning "land") and "colere" (meaning "to till, to cultivate").
When combined, "subsistence agriculture" refers to a form of farming where the primary goal is producing enough food to sustain oneself and their family, meeting the basic needs for survival.
