Subdural Hemorrhage is a medical term referring to bleeding between the brain and its outermost protective layer. Its spelling is a combination of sub- (meaning below) + dura (a tough layer covering the brain) + hemorrhage (bleeding). The word is pronounced [sʌb.ˈdjʊə.rəl hɛ.mər.ɪdʒ] phonetically, with the stress on the 'dj' syllable. Proper spelling of medical terms is essential for accurate communication in the field of medicine, as it allows medical professionals to quickly and easily identify and diagnose conditions.
Subdural hemorrhage, also known as subdural hematoma, is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood between the layers of tissue that surround the brain, called the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. It is a type of intracranial bleeding that occurs as a result of trauma to the head or shaking injuries, causing the blood vessels in the brain to rupture.
The accumulation of blood in the subdural space exerts pressure on the brain, leading to various symptoms and potential complications. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the size and rate of bleeding, as well as the individual's age and overall health. Common signs and symptoms of subdural hemorrhage include headache, drowsiness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and changes in speech or vision.
Subdural hemorrhages are classified into three types based on their time of onset: acute, subacute, and chronic. Acute subdural hematomas develop rapidly, usually within 24 to 48 hours of the injury. Subacute subdural hematomas take several days to develop noticeable symptoms, whereas chronic subdural hematomas evolve over weeks or months.
Prompt medical attention and treatment are crucial for subdural hemorrhages, as they can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. Treatment options may include surgical intervention to remove the accumulated blood, medications to control symptoms and prevent further bleeding, and rehabilitation to aid in the recovery process.
Although subdural hemorrhages primarily occur due to head trauma, certain medical conditions and disorders that affect the blood clotting ability or make blood vessels more fragile can also increase the risk of developing this condition.
The word "subdural" is derived from the Latin terms "sub" meaning "under" and "dura" referring to the "dura mater", which is the tough outer membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. "Hemorrhage" comes from the Greek word "hemorrhagia", which combines "hemo" meaning "blood" and "ragia" meaning "to burst forth". Therefore, "subdural hemorrhage" literally means bleeding that occurs beneath the dura mater.