Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy (SNE) is a rare and severe neurological disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration and necrosis (cell death) of the brain and spinal cord. It primarily affects children and adolescents, although it can manifest in adulthood as well. SNE is categorized as a form of leukoencephalopathy, which refers to diseases that primarily affect the white matter of the brain.
The onset of SNE is usually gradual, with initial symptoms often including weakness, fatigue, headache, loss of coordination, and cognitive decline. As the disease progresses, individuals may exhibit symptoms such as seizures, muscle spasms, vision problems, and difficulty in speaking or swallowing. In some cases, SNE can result in a coma or lead to death.
The exact cause of SNE is unclear, but it has been associated with various factors including metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic mutations, and viral infections. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough examination of the patient's medical history, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging studies (such as MRI scans), and the exclusion of other possible causes.
Currently, there is no known cure for SNE, and treatment primarily focuses on managing the symptoms and slowing down the progression of the disease. Medications such as antiepileptic drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and supportive care (such as physical and occupational therapy) are often employed to alleviate symptoms and improve the individual's quality of life.
Due to the rarity and complexity of SNE, further research is necessary to understand its underlying mechanisms, develop effective treatments, and improve overall prognosis for affected individuals.
