The stomatognathic system refers to the complex set of structures involved in the functioning of the mouth and jaws. It encompasses the oral cavity, teeth, jaws, facial muscles, temporomandibular joints, and associated structures.
In more detail, the stomatognathic system includes the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, hard and soft palate, as well as the maxilla and mandible. The teeth, which are essential for biting, chewing, and speech production, are an integral part of this system. The temporomandibular joints, connecting the mandible to the temporal bone in the skull, allow for the opening and closing of the jaw as well as the side-to-side movements involved in chewing.
The muscles of the face and neck, such as the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles, play a crucial role in the movement and control of the stomatognathic system. These muscles allow for the coordinated actions associated with chewing, swallowing, and speaking.
Problems or disorders affecting the stomatognathic system can lead to difficulties in various functions, including eating, speaking, breathing, and even appearance. Common conditions include temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), malocclusion (misaligned bite), bruxism (teeth grinding), oral diseases, and facial pain.
Dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and other dental healthcare professionals specialize in diagnosing and treating issues related to the stomatognathic system. Treatment options can range from simple interventions, such as dental fillings, braces, or oral hygiene practices, to more complex procedures, including orthognathic surgery or the fabrication of dental prosthetics.
