Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric ulcers, are sores or open wounds that develop on the lining of the stomach. These ulcers occur when the protective layer of mucus in the stomach is weakened or damaged, allowing digestive acids and enzymes to erode the lining.
The most common cause of stomach ulcers is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which can also infect the upper part of the small intestine. Other factors that may contribute to the development of stomach ulcers include the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking, and high levels of stress.
Symptoms of stomach ulcers may vary but often include a burning or gnawing pain in the stomach, particularly between meals and at night. Other signs may include nausea, bloating, belching, weight loss, poor appetite, and black or bloody stools.
If left untreated, stomach ulcers can lead to serious complications, such as bleeding and perforation of the stomach lining, which can be life-threatening. Diagnosis is commonly done through endoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera is passed through the mouth to examine the stomach lining.
Treatment for stomach ulcers typically involves a combination of medications, such as antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, acid suppressants to reduce stomach acid production, and medications to protect the stomach lining. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding triggers like NSAIDs, alcohol, and smoking, are also recommended. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair complications or remove the ulcer.
