How Do You Spell STIFF PUPIL?
Pronunciation: [stˈɪf pjˈuːpə͡l] (IPA) 
Correct spelling for the English word "stiff pupil" is [stˈɪf pjˈuːpə͡l], [stˈɪf pjˈuːpəl], [s_t_ˈɪ_f p_j_ˈuː_p_əl] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Pronunciation: [stˈɪf pjˈuːpə͡l] (IPA)
Correct spelling for the English word "stiff pupil" is [stˈɪf pjˈuːpə͡l], [stˈɪf pjˈuːpəl], [s_t_ˈɪ_f p_j_ˈuː_p_əl] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
A stiff pupil refers to a medical condition where the pupil, the dark circular opening in the center of the eye, fails to dilate and contract properly. Also known as Adie's syndrome or Adie's tonic pupil, it is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system affecting the muscles that control the size of the pupil.
In this condition, the affected pupil typically appears larger than the normal pupil and does not respond promptly to changes in light. It may have a sluggish reaction to light or may not constrict at all. Additionally, the pupil may react and constrict more slowly when switching focus between near and distant objects. Another noticeable characteristic of a stiff pupil is a decreased ability to accommodate, resulting in difficulty in adjusting the eye's focus.
The exact cause of a stiff pupil is not entirely understood, but it is believed to be associated with damage or degeneration of the neurons located in the ciliary ganglion, which controls the muscles of the iris. While it can occur unilaterally (affecting only one eye), it often occurs bilaterally (affecting both eyes).
Symptoms of a stiff pupil can vary, with some individuals experiencing no other issues besides the pupil dysfunction, while others may have additional symptoms such as decreased deep tendon reflexes, abnormal sweating, or problems with near vision.
Diagnosis of a stiff pupil is made through a detailed eye examination, including evaluation of the pupillary responses to light and accommodation. There is no specific treatment for a stiff pupil, but it is typically not a serious condition and does not require particular intervention. However, individuals with this condition may require corrective lenses to improve vision.
Argyll-Robertson p.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The term "stiff pupil" refers to a condition known as Argyll Robertson pupil, which is a medical phenomenon where the affected pupil is small, irregular, and does not react to light but does constrict when focusing on a nearby object.
The etymology of the term "stiff pupil" or "Argyll Robertson pupil" can be traced back to the ophthalmologist Sir William Argyll Robertson, who first described this particular pupillary abnormality in the late 19th century. Sir William Argyll Robertson was a Scottish physician who practiced in the mid-1800s and made significant contributions to the field of ophthalmology. He was also known for his research on syphilis and its effects on the eye.
Due to his extensive work on ophthalmology and his observations on this specific pupillary abnormality, the condition was eventually named after him, becoming known as the "Argyll Robertson pupil".
