Steroidal antirheumatic agents, also known as corticosteroids or glucocorticoids, refer to a class of medications specifically designed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in order to treat various rheumatic conditions. These agents are synthetic versions of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands, such as cortisol, which play a crucial role in preventing and managing inflammation in the body.
Steroidal antirheumatic agents work by entering the cells and binding to specific receptors, which ultimately results in the suppression of the immune response, reduction of inflammation, and modulation of various metabolic processes. By doing so, they alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of several conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyalgia rheumatica, and vasculitis.
However, the use of steroidal antirheumatic agents is typically reserved for short-term or episodic treatment due to their significant side effects when used for extended periods. These can include adrenal gland suppression, fluid retention, weight gain, increased blood sugar levels, osteoporosis, increased risk of infections, and mood changes, among others.
It is worth noting that the use of these agents requires careful monitoring by healthcare professionals, who determine the appropriate dosage and duration of treatment based on the individual's condition, symptoms, and response. Additionally, abrupt discontinuation of steroidal antirheumatic agents after prolonged use should be avoided as it may result in adrenal insufficiency. Overall, these medications have shown effectiveness in managing rheumatic conditions and improving patients' quality of life when used under proper medical supervision.
