Spondylolisthesis is a medical condition that occurs when one vertebra (the bone that makes up the spine) slips forward or backward in relation to the vertebra below it. This condition typically affects the lower back region, most commonly in the lumbar spine.
The term "spondylolisthesis" is derived from two Greek words: "spondylo" meaning vertebra and "listhesis" meaning slipping. It is often classified into different grades based on the extent of slippage. Grade 1 denotes a minimal slip of 25%, while grade 4 indicates a significant slip of 75% or more.
Spondylolisthesis can result from various causes, including degenerative changes in the spine due to aging, trauma or injury to the vertebrae, congenital abnormalities in the structure of the spine, or excessive stress on the lower back such as in athletes who engage in repetitive hyperextension of the spine.
Common symptoms of spondylolisthesis may include lower back pain, stiffness, muscle weakness, and radiating or shooting pain in the legs. The severity of symptoms may vary depending on the degree of slippage, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic.
Treatment options for spondylolisthesis depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Conservative approaches may include pain management, physical therapy, and exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles supporting the spine. In more severe cases or when conservative measures fail, surgery may be considered to stabilize the affected vertebrae and alleviate symptoms.
Overall, spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition characterized by the abnormal displacement of one vertebra in relation to the adjacent vertebra, often leading to lower back pain and other associated symptoms
