Spinal disc herniation, also known as herniated disc or slipped disc, is a medical condition characterized by the displacement or rupture of the soft gelatinous center of an intervertebral disc in the spine. The spine is composed of individual bones, called vertebrae, which are separated by these intervertebral discs that act as shock absorbers for the spine. Each disc consists of a tough outer layer, called the annulus fibrosus, and a soft gel-like center, known as the nucleus pulposus.
When a spinal disc herniation occurs, the nucleus pulposus pushes through a tear or weakened area of the annulus fibrosus, resulting in the disc bulging out or even rupturing completely. This abnormal displacement of the disc can put pressure on surrounding nerves or the spinal cord itself, causing pain, tingling sensations, weakness, or numbness. The symptoms experienced by an individual will vary based on the location and severity of the herniated disc.
Spinal disc herniation is commonly caused by the natural degenerative changes that occur in the spine due to aging, as well as wear and tear from repetitive motion or heavy lifting. Injury or trauma to the spine may also contribute to the development of herniated discs. Treatment options for spinal disc herniation range from conservative approaches, such as physical therapy, pain medication, and spinal traction, to more invasive measures like epidural injections or surgical intervention.
It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms of spinal disc herniation arise, as prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate pain and prevent further complications.
