Spermatic cord torsion, also known as testicular torsion, is a condition characterized by the rotation or twisting of the spermatic cord, which contains the blood vessels, nerves, and ducts necessary for the functioning of the testicles. This twisting leads to impairment or complete obstruction of blood flow to the testicle, subsequently causing severe pain and potential damage to the testicular tissue.
Typically occurring in males, testicular torsion is considered a medical emergency that requires urgent medical intervention. It commonly affects adolescents, particularly those between the ages of 12 and 18. Some potential causes include strenuous physical activity, trauma to the testicles, or anatomical factors that allow the testicles to rotate freely in the scrotum.
Symptoms of spermatic cord torsion often include sudden and severe testicular pain, swelling, tenderness, and possible abdominal pain. The affected testicle may appear higher in the scrotum and be positioned abnormally. Nausea and vomiting can also occur, indicating a worsening condition.
Prompt medical attention is crucial in cases of spermatic cord torsion to prevent irreversible damage to the testicles. Treatment typically involves manual detorsion, a surgical procedure to untwist the cord and restore blood flow, and securing the testicle to prevent future torsion. In severe cases where the testicle has suffered significant damage, surgical removal (orchidectomy) may be required.
If left untreated, spermatic cord torsion can lead to testicular death within a few hours. Therefore, early diagnosis, usually through physical examination and ultrasound imaging, is vital for effective management and prevention of complications.
