Spermatic cord torsion, also known as testicular torsion, is a medical condition characterized by the twisting or torsion of the spermatic cord, which connects the testicles to the rest of the male reproductive system. This condition often affects adolescent boys but can also occur in adult males.
The spermatic cord is responsible for supplying blood to the testicles and contains the vas deferens, nerves, arteries, and veins. When torsion occurs, the spermatic cord twists, leading to restricted blood flow to the testicles. This can result in severe pain and swelling.
Spermatic cord torsion is considered a medical emergency because if left untreated, it can lead to permanent damage to the testicles due to lack of blood supply. Prompt medical intervention, ideally within six hours of the onset of symptoms, is critical to save the affected testicle.
Symptoms of spermatic cord torsion include sudden and severe pain in the scrotum, swelling, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination and imaging tests such as ultrasound are typically used to diagnose the condition. Treatment often involves surgery to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow to the testicles.
In some cases, surgical fixation may also be performed to prevent recurrence of torsion. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of spermatic cord torsion are vital to preserve testicular function and fertility.
