SOUTHERN BLOTTING Meaning and
Definition
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Southern blotting is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology and genetics to detect specific DNA sequences within a given sample. It is named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, who developed the method in the 1970s.
In Southern blotting, DNA fragments are separated based on their size through gel electrophoresis. The separated DNA fragments are then transferred or "blotted" onto a solid membrane, typically made of nitrocellulose or nylon. This immobilization allows for the detection and analysis of specific DNA sequences of interest.
The process begins with the extraction and digestion of DNA from cells or tissues. After digestion, electrophoresis is conducted, where the DNA fragments are loaded and separated based on their size in an agarose gel matrix. Following electrophoresis, the DNA fragments are transferred to the membrane using a technique called capillary or vacuum transfer, allowing for the DNA to bind to the membrane surface.
Once the DNA fragments are immobilized on the membrane, detection can occur. This is achieved by using a labeled DNA probe, which is a DNA fragment or oligonucleotide complementary to the target sequence of interest. The probe hybridizes or binds to the DNA on the membrane specifically at the complementary regions. The labeled probe is then visualized, commonly using autoradiography or other labeling techniques, allowing for the detection and analysis of specific DNA fragments.
Southern blotting is a crucial technique in DNA analysis, as it enables the identification of specific DNA sequences, such as genes or mutations, within a sample. It has numerous applications in research, diagnostics, and forensic studies, aiding in the study of genetic diseases, gene expression, DNA fingerprinting, and genetic engineering.
Common Misspellings for SOUTHERN BLOTTING
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Etymology of SOUTHERN BLOTTING
The term "Southern blotting" is named after the scientist Edwin M. Southern, who first described the technique in 1975. He developed this method as a molecular biology technique to detect specific DNA sequences in a sample.
The term "blotting" refers to the transfer of biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, from a gel matrix onto a solid support, typically a membrane. This process allows for further analysis, such as hybridization with specific probes, to identify and study the molecules of interest.
Considering these factors, the term "Southern blotting" was coined to honor Edwin M. Southern for his significant contributions to the development of this technique.
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