The social security system refers to a comprehensive government program designed to provide financial and social support to individuals who are unable to support themselves due to retirement, disability, or other circumstances. It encompasses a range of benefits and services aimed at protecting individuals and families from economic hardship and ensuring a basic standard of living.
The core components of a social security system typically include old-age pensions, disability benefits, survivor benefits, unemployment benefits, and healthcare benefits. These components are financed through contributions from both employers and employees, as well as from government funding.
The primary goal of a social security system is to reduce poverty, inequality, and social exclusion by guaranteeing income and access to essential services for those in need. It serves as a safety net that helps individuals and families cope with loss of income and maintain a decent standard of living during challenging times, such as retirement, disability, or unemployment.
The social security system also promotes social cohesion and solidarity by pooling the risks and resources of the population. It aims to distribute wealth more equitably and ensure that vulnerable groups are protected from economic shocks and social disadvantages.
The specific structure and function of social security systems vary across countries, reflecting different cultural, political, and economic contexts. However, the underlying principle remains consistent: to provide financial security and promote social well-being for all citizens.