The correct spelling of "snow blindness" is /snoʊˈblaɪndnəs/. The word describes a temporary loss of vision due to overexposure to bright, reflective snow and ice. It is composed of two words: "snow" and "blindness," with an "o" sound in "snow" and an "i" sound in "blindness." The stress falls on the first syllable, "sno." This condition can be prevented with proper eyewear protection, such as sunglasses or goggles, when spending extended periods in snowy environments.
Snow blindness refers to a temporary condition caused by the excessive exposure of the eyes to bright sunlight reflected off snow or ice-covered surfaces. Also known as photokeratitis, it is a form of eye damage resulting from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the cornea and conjunctiva. The intense glare produced by sunlight bouncing off the reflective white surface of snow can severely irritate and damage the outer layers of the eyes.
Symptoms of snow blindness typically appear several hours after exposure. Affected individuals may experience redness, watery eyes, a gritty or sandy feeling, pain, inflammation, blurred or double vision, difficulty in opening the eyes, and increased sensitivity to light. These symptoms can significantly impair vision and cause discomfort, often resembling the sensation of having sand in the eyes.
Treatment for snow blindness mainly involves rest, staying in a darkened environment, and avoiding further UV exposure. Applying cool compresses, using artificial tears or eye drops, and wearing sunglasses can help alleviate symptoms. In more severe cases, medical intervention may be necessary to manage pain or prevent infection.
Prevention is key in avoiding snow blindness. The use of quality sunglasses with adequate UV protection, as well as goggles or other protective eyewear, is strongly recommended when engaging in outdoor activities in snowy environments. Wearing wide-brimmed hats or visors can also aid in shielding the eyes from direct sunlight.
The word "snow blindness" is a compound noun where "snow" refers to frozen precipitation that falls from the atmosphere, consisting of ice crystals or flakes, and "blindness" describes the lack or loss of sight.
The term "snow blindness" emerged in the early 19th century and originated from English-speaking explorers, climbers, and sailors who frequently encountered the condition during expeditions in snowy and icy regions. The word "blindness" is used metaphorically to describe the temporary visual impairment caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, reflected off the snow or ice.
The affliction itself, also known as photokeratitis, was observed long before the term "snow blindness" came into use. Indigenous cultures in Arctic regions, experiencing similar symptoms, referred to it by their own local names.