Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal small lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which accumulate in the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. SLL is considered to be a localized form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as they share similar characteristics and are often considered as two ends of the same disease spectrum.
The abnormal lymphocytes in SLL typically originate from a specific subtype of white blood cells known as B-cells. These cells ordinarily play a vital role in the immune response by producing antibodies to fight infections. However, in SLL, these B-cells mutate and become cancerous, resulting in the overcrowding of lymphoid tissues and interfering with their normal functions.
Symptoms of SLL may include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, recurrent infections, and enlarged spleen.
Diagnosis of SLL involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, blood tests, imaging scans, and biopsy of affected lymph nodes or bone marrow. Treatment options for SLL vary depending on the stage and extent of the disease but may include watchful waiting (with regular monitoring), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplantation.
Prognosis for SLL depends on several factors such as disease stage, age, overall health status, and genetic abnormalities. The survival rates for SLL are generally favorable, with many patients experiencing long periods of remission or slow progression of the disease.
