Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the abnormal growth of small lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues. It is considered a low-grade or indolent form of NHL that progresses slowly over time.
The condition primarily affects B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections. In SLL, these abnormal lymphocytes gradually accumulate, forming small clusters or masses in various lymph nodes, including those in the neck, armpits, and groin, as well as in the spleen, bone marrow, and other organs.
Symptoms of SLL may include painless swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and recurrent infections. However, some individuals may be asymptomatic, and the condition is often detected incidentally during routine medical examinations or due to the presence of enlarged lymph nodes.
The diagnosis of SLL typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans, and a biopsy of an affected lymph node or organ. The pathology report determines the presence of small, mature-appearing lymphocytes and confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment options for SLL depend on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as an individual's overall health. Common approaches include watchful waiting for asymptomatic cases, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant. The primary goal is to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve overall quality of life. Close monitoring is crucial to detect any potential disease progression or transformation into a more aggressive lymphoma.
