Sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the face or skull, specifically the facial bones and the ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary bones. These hollow spaces are lined with a mucous membrane that produces mucus, which helps to moisturize and protect the nasal passages.
The sinuses serve several important functions. They help to lighten the weight of the skull, improve vocal resonance, provide insulation to the eyes, and act as shock absorbers during facial impact. However, their main function is to produce mucus, which traps dirt, dust, and other foreign particles that enter the nasal passages. This helps to filter the air and prevent these particles from reaching the lungs.
When the sinuses become inflamed or infected, a condition known as sinusitis occurs. This can be caused by various factors such as allergies, bacterial or viral infections, or structural abnormalities in the nose or sinuses themselves. Common symptoms of sinusitis include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, headache, and thick nasal discharge.
Treatment for sinusitis typically involves relieving congestion and reducing inflammation. This can be achieved through various methods such as over-the-counter decongestants, nasal saline rinses, and warm compresses. In more severe or persistent cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat a bacterial infection or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Overall, sinuses play a significant role in the health and functioning of the respiratory system, assisting in the maintenance of clear and healthy nasal passages.
