SHWARTZMAN REACTION Meaning and
Definition
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The Shwartzman reaction is a localized inflammation reaction characterized by microthrombi formation and tissue necrosis that occurs in response to a second exposure to bacterial endotoxins or certain other antigens. It was first described by the Russian pathologist Joseph Shwartzman in 1928.
This phenomenon is typically observed in experimental animals, especially rabbits or mice, and manifests as hemorrhagic lesions in the skin, lungs, or kidney. The reaction is characterized by the interaction between a systemic or intravenous administration of an endotoxin (such as lipopolysaccharide) and a subsequent injection or local application of the same antigen at a different site. The first exposure sensitizes the body to the endotoxin, while the second exposure triggers a strong immune response leading to inflammation, blood vessel injury, and ultimately necrosis.
The Shwartzman reaction is considered a type III hypersensitivity reaction, involving the deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels. This deposition provokes an inflammatory response, leading to the activation of complement and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, resulting in tissue damage.
The Shwartzman reaction has been used as a model system to study the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as sepsis, thrombotic disorders, and immune-mediated vasculitis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this reaction can provide valuable insights into the pathobiology of these conditions and potentially lead to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Common Misspellings for SHWARTZMAN REACTION
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Etymology of SHWARTZMAN REACTION
The term "Shwartzman reaction" is named after the Russian pathologist Jakob Moiseevich Shwartzman. He first described this phenomenon in 1928 while studying the effects of bacterial toxins on blood vessels.
The Shwartzman reaction refers to a severe inflammatory response that occurs when an animal is exposed to two doses of endotoxin. This immune reaction leads to blood vessel destruction and tissue damage, particularly in the skin and kidneys. The term "Shwartzman reaction" is commonly used in medical and scientific literature to describe this specific immunopathological response.
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