Shope Papilloma Virus (SPV) is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that belongs to the family Papillomaviridae. It primarily affects rabbits and induces the development of papillomas, which are benign tumors on the skin and mucous membranes. SPV is named after its discoverer, Richard E. Shope, who identified the virus in the 1930s.
SPV is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or through contact with contaminated materials, such as food, water, or bedding. The virus enters the host's body through minor abrasions or wounds in the skin or mucous membranes. Once inside, the virus infects the epithelial cells and causes an overgrowth of these cells, leading to the formation of papillomas.
The symptoms of SPV infection include the appearance of small, raised, and often cauliflower-like growths on various body parts, including the head, ears, neck, and genital area. These growths can vary in size, color, and appearance. Affected rabbits may also experience itching, discomfort, and occasionally bleeding if the papillomas are scratched or injured.
While SPV is predominantly a benign condition, it has the potential to progress to malignant tumors or cancerous lesions in some cases. The virus can also cause immunosuppression, making infected rabbits more susceptible to secondary bacterial or viral infections.
Prevention and control of SPV involve maintaining good hygiene practices, including regular cleaning and disinfection of living areas and equipment. Prompt isolation and treatment of infected individuals, along with vaccination programs, can help minimize the spread of the virus within rabbit populations.
