A sewage disposal tank, commonly known as a septic tank, is an underground container that is an integral part of a septic system used for the treatment and disposal of domestic wastewater. It is designed to collect, store, and decompose household sewage and organic waste materials.
The tank is typically made of durable materials such as concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene, with varying sizes to accommodate different household needs. It is usually positioned in the ground, where it receives wastewater from various plumbing fixtures in the house through a network of pipes.
Once the wastewater enters the tank, it undergoes a process of separation and decomposition. Heavier solids settle at the bottom, forming a thick layer of sludge, while lighter substances like grease and oils float to the top, creating a scum layer. A partially clarified liquid layer, known as effluent, remains between these two layers.
Over time, naturally occurring bacteria and enzymes break down the solids and organic matter present in the tank, converting them into a more stable semi-solid substance known as sludge. The effluent layer then undergoes further filtration and purification as it gradually seeps out of the tank into the surrounding soil through drainage pipes or a leach field.
Regular maintenance and periodic pumping are necessary to prevent the buildup of solids and to ensure proper functioning of the septic system. Proper installation, usage, and maintenance are crucial to avoid any environmental contamination and health hazards associated with untreated domestic sewage.
