Septic arthritides refers to a group of inflammatory joint conditions caused by an infectious agent, commonly bacteria, that invade and infect a joint space. This condition is characterized by an acute and severe inflammation of the affected joint, leading to pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limited range of motion.
The term "septic" refers to the presence of harmful microorganisms, often bacteria, that can cause local or systemic infection. In the case of septic arthritides, these microorganisms have invaded the joint, leading to an infection within the synovial fluid and synovial membrane.
Septic arthritides can occur as a result of direct entry of bacteria into the joint space through trauma, surgery, or an open wound. The infection can also spread from other sites in the body through the bloodstream, known as hematogenous spread.
If left untreated, septic arthritides can lead to irreversible joint damage, including destruction of cartilage, bone erosion, and joint deformities. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications.
The diagnosis of septic arthritides involves analyzing the synovial fluid extracted from the affected joint. This fluid is cultured to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection. Blood tests and imaging studies may also be performed to aid in diagnosis.
Treatment typically involves intravenous antibiotics to target the infecting microorganism(s). Drainage of the infected joint fluid may also be necessary in some cases. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove infected tissue and restore joint function. Rehabilitation, including physical therapy, may be necessary to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the affected joint.
