Semantic memory (sɪˈmæntɪk ˈmɛməri) refers to the aspect of memory that deals with individuals' ability to recall and use general knowledge, facts, and concepts that are not tied to specific events or situations. The word "semantic" is spelled with the "s" sound followed by the "ɪ" vowel sound, then the "m" sound followed by the "æ" vowel sound, and finally the "n" consonant sound followed by the "tɪk" sound. Similarly, the word "memory" is spelled with the "m" sound, followed by the "ɛ" vowel sound and the "m" sound again, and ending with the "əri" sound.
Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the storage and retrieval of general knowledge and factual information about the world. It is a component of declarative memory, which refers to memory for facts and events that can be consciously recalled or described. Unlike episodic memory, which pertains to personal experiences and autobiographical events, semantic memory deals with the general understanding and conceptual knowledge of the world.
Semantic memory allows individuals to recall information about general concepts, such as the meaning of words, the understanding of language, and the recognition of familiar faces and objects. It encompasses a wide range of knowledge, including abstract concepts, factual information, historical events, scientific principles, and logical rules. This type of memory enables people to understand and interpret the world around them, make inferences, solve problems, and engage in higher-level cognitive tasks.
Semantic memory is often organized into networks or schemas, with related pieces of information interconnected and stored together. Cognitive processes such as categorization, association, and retrieval cues facilitate the encoding and retrieval of semantic memories. These memories are generally less susceptible to forgetting compared to episodic memories.
Overall, semantic memory plays a critical role in language comprehension, perception, problem-solving, and general knowledge acquisition, contributing extensively to an individual's everyday functioning and ability to navigate the world.
The word "semantic" comes from the ancient Greek word "sēmantikos", meaning "significant" or "meaningful". It is derived from the noun "sēma", meaning "a sign or mark". "Memory" originates from the Latin word "memoria", which relates to the capacity of the mind to retain and recall information. Therefore, the term "semantic memory" combines these elements to refer to the memory system responsible for storing and retrieving general knowledge and concepts that are independent of personal experiences.