SELENOCYSTEINE Meaning and
Definition
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Selenocysteine is an amino acid that is classified as a proteinogenic amino acid, meaning it is one of the building blocks of protein synthesis in living organisms. It is unique among the 20 standard amino acids, predominantly found in proteins, due to its incorporation of the trace element selenium.
Chemically, selenocysteine is derived from cysteine, another amino acid, through a process called selenation. During selenation, a selenium atom replaces the sulfur atom in cysteine, resulting in the formation of selenocysteine. Like cysteine, selenocysteine contains a sulfhydryl group (-SH). However, the selenium atom in selenocysteine provides it with additional reactivity and distinct biochemical properties.
Selenocysteine is rarely found in the proteome of organisms. It is typically present in enzymes known as selenoproteins, which play vital roles in various physiological processes. These include antioxidant defense, regulation of cellular metabolism, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Selenocysteine is an essential component of the active site of certain enzymes, where it participates in redox reactions and catalysis.
Due to its scarcity in living organisms, the biosynthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins is a complex process, involving specific RNA molecules, cofactors, and specific machinery within cells. Its unique properties and functions make selenocysteine a crucial amino acid in maintaining proper cellular function and overall health.
Common Misspellings for SELENOCYSTEINE
- aelenocysteine
- zelenocysteine
- xelenocysteine
- delenocysteine
- eelenocysteine
- welenocysteine
- swlenocysteine
- sslenocysteine
- sdlenocysteine
- srlenocysteine
- s4lenocysteine
- s3lenocysteine
- sekenocysteine
- sepenocysteine
- seoenocysteine
- selwnocysteine
- selsnocysteine
- seldnocysteine
- selrnocysteine
- sel4nocysteine
Etymology of SELENOCYSTEINE
The word "selenocysteine" has its roots in chemistry and biology.
The prefix "seleno-" comes from the Ancient Greek word "selēnē", which means "moon". It is derived from the Greek goddess of the moon, Selene. The reason behind using this prefix is that selenium, the element from which selenocysteine is derived, was named after the moon due to its similarity in appearance to tellurium, which was named after the Earth.
The word "cysteine" refers to an amino acid that is widely distributed in proteins. It is derived from the Ancient Greek word "kustis", meaning "bladder" or "bag". The name "cysteine" was given to this amino acid because it was originally isolated from a type of bladder stone.
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