Pronunciation: [skətˈɒpɪk] (IPA) 
The word "scotopic" is spelled /skəˈtɒpɪk/. The use of the letter combination "sc" indicates the pronunciation of the first syllable as "sk", while the following "o" is pronounced as a schwa sound. The second syllable starts with the "t" sound and is followed by the vowel sound "ɒ". The word ends with the consonant sound "p" and the vowel sound "ɪk". "Scotopic" refers to the visual adaptation of the eye under low light conditions.
Scotopic is an adjective that refers to the condition or relating to low-light vision or the ability to see in very dim light. It is derived from the Greek words "skotos" meaning darkness and "opsis" meaning vision or sight. The term scotopic is primarily used in the context of human and animal vision, specifically in relation to the functioning of the rods, one of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina.
In scotopic conditions, when the illumination levels drop to near darkness, the cones, responsible for color vision and high acuity, become less sensitive, and the rods take over. These rod cells are highly responsive under scotopic conditions, providing monochromatic vision, less visual acuity, and higher sensitivity to small amounts of light. As a result, scotopic vision allows individuals to see in very dark environments, such as during nighttime or in extremely dimly lit areas.
The concept of scotopic and photopic vision helps explain the phenomenon of visual adaptation to different lighting conditions, where the eye adjusts its sensitivity to optimize vision in various light levels. This adjustment is crucial for the proper functioning of the visual system and ensuring our ability to perceive the environment adequately, regardless of the lighting conditions.
The word "scotopic" originates from Greek. Its etymology is as follows:
- "Skotos" (σκοτός) means darkness or dimness.
- "Opsis" (ὄψις) means vision or sight.
By combining these two Greek terms, "skotos" and "opsis", the word "scotopic" was derived to describe the aspect of vision in dim light or darkness.
