Scleroderms, also known as scleroderma, is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the skin and other organs. The term "scleroderma" is derived from the Greek words "skleros" meaning hard, and "derma" meaning skin. The condition can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs like the heart, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
In scleroderms, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues and cells, leading to the overproduction of collagen, a protein responsible for the firmness and elasticity of connective tissues. This excessive collagen production causes the skin to become thick, tight, and hardened, resulting in a range of symptoms such as skin stiffness, limited joint mobility, skin discoloration, ulcers, and in severe cases, contractures.
There are two main types of scleroderms: localized and systemic. Localized scleroderma primarily affects the skin and underlying tissues, leading to lesions and patches of hard, tight skin. Systemic scleroderma, on the other hand, affects not only the skin but also internal organs, causing more widespread damage and complications.
The exact cause of scleroderms remains unknown, although it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune factors. While there is no cure for scleroderms, treatment aims to manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. This may involve medications to suppress the immune system, physical therapy, pain management, and other supportive measures.
