SCIENTIFIC CONTROL Meaning and
Definition
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Scientific control refers to a fundamental concept in experimental research methodologies, specifically in the field of scientific inquiry. It refers to the careful and intentional manipulation of variables and conditions within an experiment to isolate and study the effects of a single independent variable on a dependent variable while holding all other variables constant.
In an experiment, a control group is used as a baseline or reference point to compare and evaluate the effects of the independent variable being tested. The control group is identical to the experimental group in all aspects except that it does not receive the intervention or treatment being tested. By doing so, scientists can observe the changes or effects caused by the independent variable without interference from other factors.
The control group acts as a standardized standard against which the experimental findings are compared. It allows researchers to determine whether the observed changes in the dependent variable are specifically due to the independent variable or result from other factors (such as random chance or external influences). It helps scientists establish causality and draw valid conclusions from their experiments.
Scientific control is essential to minimize confounding variables, reduce biases, and ensure accurate and reliable results. By isolating the effect of a single variable, researchers can better understand the relationship between cause and effect, make comparisons, and detect patterns or trends accurately. The use of scientific control allows for replicability and generalizability of findings, contributing to the accumulation of knowledge and the advancement of scientific understanding.
Etymology of SCIENTIFIC CONTROL
The word "scientific" originated from the Latin word "scientia", which means knowledge or understanding. It entered the English language around the 17th century.
The term "control" comes from the Latin word "conterrolare", which means to check or verify. In the 16th century, it was used in English to refer to a check or restraint.
"Scientific control" as a combination of these two words emerged in the late 19th century and is associated with the development of experimental design and methodology. It refers to the process of setting up controlled conditions in scientific experiments to isolate and study the effects of specific variables.
