Schenkerian, derived from the name of music theorist Heinrich Schenker, refers to a particular approach to the analysis of tonal music. Schenkerian analysis, also known as Schenkerian theory, is a methodical framework that seeks to reveal the underlying structure and hierarchical organization present in Western tonal music compositions.
Schenkerian analysis posits that tonal music can be understood as a series of prolongational structures. These structures consist of a series of levels or layers, commonly known as Urlinie, middleground, and background, which serve to represent melodic, contrapuntal, and harmonic aspects respectively. The ultimate goal of this analysis is to uncover the fundamental structures and principles that govern the music.
Within Schenkerian analysis, emphasis is placed on the identification of prolongations, which are melodic and harmonic patterns that are varied and expanded upon throughout a musical composition. Through this process, the analyst identifies linear progressions, harmonic changes, and voice-leading connections, ultimately revealing the deep structural relationships and functional aspects of the music.
Schenkerian analysis often employs a graphical representation known as a Schenker graph or a Schenkerian reduction. These visual representations aid in illustrating the hierarchical relationships and the stratified layers of the musical composition.
In summary, "Schenkerian" refers to an analytical approach developed by Heinrich Schenker that aims to uncover the underlying structures and hierarchical organization present in tonal music compositions. It involves identifying and analyzing prolongations, linear progressions, harmonic changes, and voice-leading connections, ultimately revealing the fundamental structures and functions of the music.
