Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of small clumps of inflammatory cells, known as granulomas, in various organs throughout the body. These granulomas typically affect the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes, although other organs such as the liver, heart, and brain can also be involved.
The exact cause of sarcoidosis is still unknown, but it is believed to be an abnormal immune response to an unknown trigger, such as an infection or exposure to certain chemicals. It is not contagious or inherited.
Symptoms of sarcoidosis can vary widely depending on the organs affected and the extent of inflammation. Common symptoms include persistent cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, weight loss, skin rashes or bumps, swollen lymph nodes, and eye problems. In some cases, sarcoidosis may be asymptomatic and only discovered incidentally during routine medical examinations.
The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is typically made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging tests (such as chest X-rays or CT scans), and biopsy of affected tissues. Treatment options for sarcoidosis depend on the severity and organs involved, and may include medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
While some cases of sarcoidosis may resolve spontaneously, others may be chronic and require long-term management. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is important to monitor the disease and adjust treatment accordingly. Sarcoidosis can have varying outcomes, ranging from mild and self-limited to chronic and disabling.
