Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard used for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, particularly in a web browser-based environment. SAML enables single sign-on (SSO), where users can access multiple applications and systems using a single set of credentials, eliminating the need for remembering and entering different usernames and passwords.
SAML works through the use of assertions, which are statements of authentication and authorization information made by one entity, known as the identity provider, to another entity, known as the service provider. The assertions are encoded in XML format, facilitating the exchange of data across different systems and platforms. SAML leverages public-key cryptography to ensure the security and integrity of the exchanged assertions.
The SAML flow typically involves three main entities: the user, the identity provider, and the service provider. When a user attempts to access a service provider, an authentication request is sent to the identity provider. The identity provider validates the user's credentials and generates an assertion containing authentication and authorization information. This assertion is then sent to the service provider, which verifies its validity and grants access to the requested resource.
SAML provides a standardized and secure mechanism for establishing trust between different entities, allowing for seamless and secure communication of authentication and authorization data. It is widely adopted in various industries and is an essential component in modern identity and access management systems.
