A ruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) refers to an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain that has burst or ruptured, causing bleeding within the brain.
An arteriovenous malformation is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth, and it occurs when there is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the brain. These abnormal connections result in a tangle of blood vessels that are weak and prone to rupture.
When a ruptured intracranial AVM occurs, it can cause bleeding in the brain, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. The bleeding puts pressure on brain tissue, disrupts blood flow, and can cause an array of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Symptoms may include severe headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty with speech or vision, and loss of consciousness.
Treating a ruptured intracranial AVM is essential to prevent further bleeding and potential complications. Treatment options include surgical removal of the AVM, endovascular embolization (a procedure to close off the abnormal blood vessels), and stereotactic radiosurgery (using focused radiation to shrink the AVM). The choice of treatment primarily depends on the size, location, and accessibility of the AVM, as well as the overall health of the patient.
Prognosis and outcomes vary depending on the severity of the rupture, the extent of bleeding, the location of the AVM, and the timeliness of medical intervention. Prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment are crucial for maximizing the chances of recovery and minimizing long-term complications associated with a ruptured intracranial AVM.
