Pronunciation: [ɹˈʌnz ˈʌp] (IPA) 
The word "runs up" is spelled as /rʌnz ʌp/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The first syllable "runs" is pronounced as /rʌnz/ with a voiced "z" sound at the end, while the second syllable "up" is pronounced as /ʌp/ with an unvoiced "p" sound at the end. The correct spelling of this word is essential to avoid confusion with other words such as "ruins" or "ramps up". The correct spelling helps in clear communication and comprehension.
The term "runs up" is a phrasal verb with several meanings depending on the context. One common definition of "runs up" is to accumulate or increase something, especially in a rapid or excessive manner. It is often used in the context of financial or debt-related situations. For example, to "run up a bill" means to accumulate a large amount of debt or expenditures. Similarly, to "run up a tab" refers to continually adding expenses to a restaurant or bar bill.
Another meaning of "runs up" is to move quickly or energetically towards a specific destination. It implies a sense of urgency or haste. For instance, if someone "runs up the stairs," it means they ascend the steps quickly or without delay.
In a sporting context, "runs up" can refer to the act of scoring points or achieving a high score. For example, if a team "runs up the score," it means they have scored many points or achieved a large lead over their opponents.
Additionally, "runs up" can be used to describe the act of creating or producing something, often in a hurried or haphazard manner. For instance, if someone "runs up a costume," it means they quickly make or sew a costume without much planning or attention to detail.
Overall, the term "runs up" encompasses various meanings, including accumulating or increasing, moving quickly, scoring points, or creating something hastily.
The phrase "runs up" does not have a distinct etymology on its own as it is a combination of the verb "run" and the preposition "up". However, the etymology of the verb "run" and the preposition "up" can be explored separately.
1. Run:
The verb "run" dates back to Old English and its origin can be traced to the Proto-Germanic word "rinnan". It has undergone various changes throughout history and is related to similar words in other Germanic languages. The exact root of "rinnan" is uncertain, but it may have derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*reie-" meaning "to flow" or "to move swiftly".
2. Up:
The preposition "up" also has an ancient origin and can be traced back to Old English and its Germanic predecessor, "upp".
