Running downs is a term used to describe a type of terrain found in the English countryside. Phonetically, the word is spelled /ˈrʌnɪŋ daʊnz/. The "r" sound at the beginning is followed by the short "u" sound in "run" and the "i" sound in "in". The stress falls on the first syllable "run," while "ning" and "downs" are pronounced with a schwa /ə/ and a diphthong /aʊ/ respectively. The word is commonly used in horse racing and hunting, as it refers to areas where horses can run freely.
Running downs refer to the specific plays or situations in American football where the primary objective for the offense is to advance the ball on the ground through rushing plays. In this context, a running down generally implies that the offense is expected to run the ball, as opposed to passing the ball through the air.
Typically, there are three primary running downs in football: first down, second down, and third down. The objective on these downs is to cover a certain distance (usually 10 yards) using a series of running plays. The offense attempts to gain as much yardage as possible, often through the coordinated efforts of the running back, offensive line, and tight ends, focusing on power, speed, and agility.
Running downs are distinguished from passing downs, where the offense is more likely to opt for a passing play to gain yards. Running downs are commonly utilized to control the pace of the game, manage the clock, wear down the defense, or create favorable field position. However, if the offense fails to gain a significant yardage on the running downs, they may be forced into a "fourth down" situation, where they must choose whether to continue running the ball or opt for a passing play in order to maintain possession or try for a field goal.
Overall, running downs epitomize a crucial aspect of American football by showcasing the ability to execute successful rushing plays, where the offense relies on running backs and the offensive line to gain positive yardage on the ground.
The term "running downs" does not have a specific etymology as it is a combination of two separate words: "running" and "downs".
"Running" is the present participle of the verb "run". It comes from the Old English word "rinnan", which means "to flow or to move swiftly". The word has Germanic origins and is related to similar words in other Germanic languages.
"Downs", on the other hand, refers to rolling hills or open grassy areas, typically found in the UK. The word "downs" comes from Middle English "dounes", which in turn originates from Old English "dūn", meaning "hill".
When the two words are combined, "running downs" refers to downs or grassy hills over which one can run.