Rubeola, also known as measles, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children and is characterized by fever and a rash. It is caused by the Measles virus, which is typically spread through droplets from infected individuals when they cough or sneeze. Rubeola is a significant public health concern due to its potential complications and impacts on global populations.
The initial symptoms of rubeola include high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. After a few days, a characteristic rash typically appears, starting on the face and gradually spreading to other parts of the body. The rash consists of small, red, flat or raised spots that merge together. Additionally, individuals with rubeola may suffer from fatigue, loss of appetite, and muscle aches.
Complications of rubeola can be severe and include pneumonia, ear infections, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and in rare cases, even death. It is particularly dangerous for infants, pregnant women, and individuals with weak immune systems. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubeola, with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine being widely used.
Due to successful vaccination programs, rubeola has become less common in developed countries. However, outbreaks can still occur in areas where vaccination rates are low. Efforts to achieve global elimination of rubeola continue, as it remains a leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide.
