Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection caused by the Rubella virus. It is typically a mild illness, but it can have serious repercussions, especially if contracted by pregnant women. Rubella is characterized by a distinct rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash usually lasts for two to three days.
The Rubella virus is highly contagious and is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through close contact with an infected individual or indirectly through contaminated surfaces. The virus can be present in the body for about one week prior to the appearance of the rash and for up to a week after it disappears.
Most commonly affecting children and young adults, rubella symptoms may include low-grade fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, headache, and a runny or stuffy nose. However, the infection in children is often so mild that it goes unnoticed. The greatest concern with rubella is its impact on pregnant women, as the virus can lead to serious birth defects and complications, such as congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause deafness, visual impairments, heart defects, and developmental delays in babies.
Prevention against rubella primarily relies on vaccination. The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is highly effective in preventing the infection. It is crucial for women planning to become pregnant, and those who are not immune to rubella, to ensure they are vaccinated beforehand to prevent any potential harm to the fetus.
