The Republic of Guatemala is a Central American country located between Mexico to the north and west, Belize and the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest.
Guatemala gained its independence from Spain in 1821 and subsequently formed its own government, establishing a republican system. As a republic, Guatemala is a political entity where sovereignty is held by its citizens who exercise their power through elected representatives. It is governed by a president who serves as the head of state and the head of government.
The country is characterized by a diverse landscape, encompassing mountains, volcanoes, rainforests, and coastal plains. It is renowned for its Maya heritage, with many archaeological sites and ruins still being preserved. Guatemala's economy is largely dependent on agriculture, with coffee, bananas, and sugar being major exports.
The cultural diversity of Guatemala is reflected in its population, which comprises various ethnic groups, including Indigenous Maya, Mestizos, and European descendants. The official language is Spanish, but there are also 23 recognized Indigenous languages spoken in the country. Guatemala has a complex history, marked by periods of political instability, civil conflicts, and human rights issues. However, efforts towards promoting democracy, human rights, and sustainable development have been made in recent years.
