Recitative is a form of musical expression that is commonly found in opera, oratorio, and other vocal works. Derived from the Italian word "recitare," meaning "to recite," recitative is a style of singing that combines elements of speech and music. It serves as a means of advancing the plot or story, conveying the characters' emotions, and providing essential dialogue or narration.
In recitative, the melodic line is rhythmically flexible, following the natural inflections and stresses of the text. The accompaniment, often provided by a keyboard instrument such as a piano or harpsichord, is restrained and used primarily to support the singer and emphasize certain key words or phrases.
Unlike arias, which are more melodically structured and decorative, recitatives are focused on conveying the dramatic elements of the story in a more conversational manner. They can vary in style, ranging from secco recitative, where the singer is accompanied only by a simple chordal accompaniment, to accompagnato recitative, where the instrumental accompaniment is more orchestral and continuous.
Recitative is characterized by its rapid delivery, with the singer delivering the text in a more declamatory or spoken manner, rather than sustained melodic lines. It often transitions seamlessly into arias or other musical forms, providing a natural progression in the narrative arc.
Overall, recitative serves a vital role in opera and vocal works, allowing for the effective communication of the storyline, emotions, and character development through a blend of speech and music.
