Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a type of arthritis that occurs in response to an infection, typically in the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. It is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation in the joints, eyes, and genitourinary system.
The development of reactive arthritis is typically triggered by the body's reaction to certain bacterial or viral infections, particularly those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia. Symptoms can vary widely but commonly include joint pain, swelling, redness, and stiffness, particularly in the knees, ankles, and feet. Additionally, individuals may experience eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), urinary problems, and skin rashes.
The exact cause of reactive arthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response to infection in individuals who are genetically susceptible. This condition tends to occur more commonly in young adult males. The diagnosis of reactive arthritis usually involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens, and sometimes imaging studies to evaluate joint or organ involvement.
Treatment for reactive arthritis focuses on relieving symptoms and managing the underlying infection. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, are commonly used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. If symptoms persist or become severe, corticosteroids or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be prescribed to suppress the immune response.
With proper management and treatment, reactive arthritis often resolves within weeks to months, although some individuals may experience chronic or recurrent symptoms. Rheumatologists or specialists in infectious diseases are typically involved in the care of patients with reactive
