The word "rayah" is spelled as /ræɪə/. It's a term derived from the Ottoman Empire and was used to describe non-Muslim subjects who paid a tax in exchange for protection. The spelling of "rayah" combines the "r" sound, represented by /r/, with the "a" sound, represented by /æ/. The letter "y" is inserted to represent the "ay" sound, which is represented by the phonetic symbol /ɪ/. Finally, the word ends with the "uh" sound represented by the schwa symbol /ə/.
Rayah is a term with historical significance, particularly in the Ottoman Empire and certain regions of the Middle East during the 16th to 19th centuries. The word originates from Arabic, meaning "flock" or "people." Its primary definition refers to a non-Muslim subject or citizen living within an Islamic state, typically used to describe Christians or Jews.
In the context of the Ottoman Empire, the rayahs were minority communities subject to various restrictions and discriminatory practices based on their religious affiliation. They were required to pay an additional tax known as the jizya, and their legal rights and social standing were often limited compared to the Muslim population. Despite their marginalized status, rayahs played a crucial role in the economic, cultural, and administrative life of the empire.
Over time, the term "rayah" has come to symbolize the historical subjugation experienced by non-Muslim communities under Islamic rule. It serves as a reminder of the complex dynamics between different religious and ethnic groups in societies where religious identity played a significant role in shaping social and political hierarchies.
In modern usage, the term "rayah" is less common but may still be employed in academic or historical contexts to describe the non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic states during earlier periods.
In Turkey, a non-Mohammedan subject who pays the capitation tax.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "Rayah" has its origins in the Ottoman Empire. It comes from the Arabic term "ra‘āyah" (رعايا), which means "flock" or "subjects". In the context of the Ottoman Empire, "Rayah" referred to the non-Muslim subjects of the empire, including Christians and Jews. The term was used to distinguish them from the Muslim population. Over time, the term "Rayah" has also been used in other regions with Ottoman heritage to refer to religious or ethnic minorities.