Ratites are a group of flightless birds characterized by a flat breastbone or sternum, lacking the keel that is typically found in birds capable of flight. The term "ratite" is derived from the Latin word "ratis," meaning "raft," describing the flat nature of their breastbone. This group of birds includes ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries, and kiwis.
Ratites are known for their distinct physical features and evolutionary adaptations. They have small wings compared to their body size and lack the muscles necessary for sustained flight. Instead, ratites rely on their powerful legs and strong skeletal structures for movement. They are well-suited for running and have the ability to cover vast distances on land.
These birds inhabit diverse environments, ranging from grasslands to forests, and are native to various parts of the world, including Africa, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. They have adapted to live in different climates, such as hot deserts or cold temperate regions.
Ratites are primarily herbivorous, consuming a variety of plant material, including leaves, seeds, fruits, and grasses. Some species supplement their diet with small invertebrates or even carrion.
Due to their distinct characteristics and evolutionary history, ratites hold significant interest for scientific study, conservation efforts, and commercial purposes. They are often the focus of wildlife tourism and farming industries, with their products and byproducts utilized for various purposes - from meat and eggs to feathers and leather.
