The spelling of "rational number" is pronounced as /ˈræʃ.ən.əl ˈnʌm.bər/. The IPA phonetic transcription breaks down each sound in the word. The "r" sound is represented by /r/, followed by the short "a" sound /æ/. Then, the "sh" sound /ʃ/ is combined with the "un" sound /ən/. Next, the "a" sound is repeated /æ/. Finally, the "l" sound /l/ is added, followed by the short "u" sound /ʌ/ and the "m" sound /m/. Together, the IPA transcription helps explain the spelling of this mathematical term.
A rational number is a mathematical number that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers, where the denominator is not zero. In other words, it is any number that can be written in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not equal to zero. The integers p and q are also referred to as the numerator and denominator, respectively.
Rational numbers include integers, fractions, and decimal numbers that eventually terminate or repeat. For example, 3, -8, 1/2, -3/4, and 0.6 are all rational numbers. Conversely, irrational numbers, such as root 2 (√2) or π (pi), cannot be expressed as a fraction and have decimal expansions that neither terminate nor repeat.
Rational numbers can be positive or negative and may also be whole numbers, which lack fractional parts. They can be represented on a number line, where they are positioned between other rational numbers and help establish order and magnitude.
The operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are closed under rational numbers, which means performing any of these operations on rational numbers will result in another rational number. This property makes rational numbers fundamental in many areas of mathematics and real-world applications.
The word "rational" originates from the Latin word "rationalis", which means "relating to reason". The term "rational number" refers to a number that can be expressed as a ratio or fraction of two integers, implying a logical relationship between the numerator and denominator.