Ramsay Hunt Paralysis Syndrome, also known as Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Type 2 (RHS2) or herpes zoster oticus, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by paralysis of certain facial muscles caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the geniculate ganglion, a nerve cell ganglion located near the ear.
This syndrome typically occurs as a result of a previous infection with the chickenpox virus, varicella-zoster. After the primary infection resolves, the virus remains dormant in the sensory nerve ganglia, but can reactivate under certain circumstances, such as a weakened immune system or increased stress levels. When reactivated, the virus travels down the sensory nerve fibers and affects the facial nerve, leading to the development of RHS2.
Common symptoms of Ramsay Hunt Paralysis Syndrome include severe ear pain, weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face, decreased sense of taste, dryness of the eyes and mouth, and a rash in the ear canal or on the eardrum. In some cases, patients may also experience hearing loss, vertigo, or dizziness.
Treatment for Ramsay Hunt Paralysis Syndrome usually involves a combination of antiviral medications to suppress the active virus, pain relievers, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Physical therapy may be recommended to help restore muscle function and strength in the affected face.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for a better prognosis and recovery. While most patients recover completely within a few weeks to months, a small percentage may experience long-term or permanent facial weakness or other complications.
