Radiation-induced cancers are malignant tumors that develop as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy that has the ability to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, resulting in the formation of ions. This type of radiation is capable of penetrating matter, including human tissue, and can potentially damage the DNA within cells.
Radiation-induced cancers can occur from various sources of ionizing radiation, such as medical radiation (e.g., X-rays, CT scans), occupational exposure (e.g., nuclear workers), environmental radiation (e.g., natural background radiation, nuclear accidents), or as a side effect of cancer treatments involving radiation therapy.
The development of radiation-induced cancers typically follows a latency period that may vary from months to decades after exposure. The risk of developing these cancers is dependent on several factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the age at exposure, and the specific type of radiation.
Common types of radiation-induced cancers include leukemia, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and various solid tumors. These cancers can manifest similarly to non-radiation-related cancers, with symptoms depending on the site and stage of the tumor.
Prevention of radiation-induced cancers involves minimizing exposure to ionizing radiation through proper protective measures in occupational settings, judicious use of medical radiation, and adherence to safety guidelines during radiation therapy. Regular monitoring and surveillance of individuals with a history of significant radiation exposure can also contribute to early detection and treatment of radiation-induced cancers.
