Rachischises is a medical term used to describe a rare congenital malformation of the spinal column. It is formed by the prefix rachi-, meaning spine, and the suffix -schisis, meaning split. The word is pronounced [ræˈkɪs.ɪsɪz], with the stress on the second syllable. The initial "r" is pronounced with a slight roll of the tongue, and the "ch" sound is similar to the German "ch" as in "ich". Despite its complicated spelling, the word is important for describing and understanding certain spinal conditions.
Rachischises is a term primarily used in the field of medical anatomy and pathology. It refers to a specific congenital malformation in which the neural tube fails to properly close during the early stages of embryonic development. The neural tube, which eventually develops into the spinal cord and brain, normally closes by the end of the fourth week of gestation. However, in the case of rachischises, the closure of the posterior part of the neural tube, specifically in the spinal region, is incomplete or absent.
As a result of this malformation, the underlying spinal cord and its surrounding protective structures such as the membranes and vertebral bones remain exposed, leading to potential damage and complications. The severity and extent of rachischises can vary greatly among affected individuals. In some cases, only a small portion of the lower spinal region may be affected, while in others, the entire length of the spine may be affected.
Rachischises is considered a serious condition that can result in a range of neurological deficits and physical abnormalities, depending on the level and extent of the spinal cord exposure. These may include paralysis, muscle weakness, sensory impairments, and difficulties with bladder and bowel control. Treatment options for rachischises typically involve surgical interventions aimed at closing and protecting the exposed neural tissues, as well as managing any associated complications. Additionally, ongoing medical care and support are required to address the long-term effects and challenges associated with this condition.
The word "rachischises" is derived from two Greek terms. "Rachis" means "spine" or "vertebral column", while "schisis" translates to "split" or "cleft". So, "rachischises" refers to a condition in which the vertebral column is split or has a fissure.