Pronunciation: [kwˈɪnɪnˌiː] (IPA) 
The word "quininae" is spelled with a "q-u-i" at the beginning, which represents the sound of /kw/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The subsequent "n-i-n" represents the sound of /nɪn/, followed by the vowel sound of /ɪ/ and another "/eɪ/" sound at the end of the word. The pronunciation of "quininae" may vary depending on the speaker and their dialect, but the spelling accurately reflects the sounds in the word.
Quininae is a plural noun that refers to a class of alkaloids derived from the bark of certain South American cinchona trees, mainly quinine and quinidine. These alkaloids are known for their antimalarial properties and have been used for centuries as a treatment for malaria.
Quininae are particularly effective in treating malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is prevalent in tropical regions. They work by interfering with the reproduction and development of the parasite within the human body. Quininae inhibit the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of the parasite's DNA during replication, ultimately leading to the parasite's death.
Aside from their antimalarial effects, quininae also possess other medicinal properties. They have been used as muscle relaxants, used to treat irregular heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation, and for the relief of leg cramps. Additionally, quinine, a derivative of quininae, was historically used to reduce fever and as a treatment for nocturnal leg cramps.
Despite their effectiveness in treating malaria, quininae are known to have some side effects. These can include cinchonism, a condition characterized by symptoms such as tinnitus (ringing in the ears), headaches, and visual disturbances. Quininae can also cause gastrointestinal issues and can interact with other medications. Therefore, it is crucial to use quininae under medical supervision and follow appropriate dosing guidelines.
Genitive of quinina, of quinine.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
