Pyorrhea, also known as periodontitis or periodontal disease, is a chronic and progressive inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. It is primarily characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures, leading to tooth loss if left untreated.
Pyorrhea typically begins with the formation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that develops on the teeth and along the gum line. If plaque is not adequately removed through proper oral hygiene practices, it hardens and turns into tartar, which cannot be eliminated by brushing or flossing alone. Eventually, bacteria within tartar release toxins that irritate the gums, causing inflammation, redness, swelling, and bleeding.
As pyorrhea progresses, the gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, forming pockets that become filled with more bacteria and debris. These pockets deepen, allowing bacteria to further damage the connective tissues and bone that hold the teeth in place. Symptoms may include persistent bad breath, loose teeth, receding gums, pain while chewing, and changes in the bite pattern.
To treat pyorrhea, professional dental intervention is necessary. The treatment typically involves scaling and root planing, which is a deep cleaning procedure to remove tartar and smooth the tooth surfaces, aiming to promote gum reattachment and reduce pocket depths. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove infected tissues or to regenerate lost bone.
Prevention is crucial in avoiding the development or progression of pyorrhea. This includes practicing good oral hygiene by brushing twice a day, flossing regularly, and visiting the dentist for professional cleanings and check-ups.
